No abstract available.
Animals ; Cyclosporine ; Rats ; Streptozocin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cyclosporine ; Rats ; Streptozocin

ular thickness in comparison to the non-diabetic rat. This was confirmed histologically. In conclusion, this study suggests that in streptozotocin-induced diabetics, the healing process of bone fracture was impaired and delayed about 2-3 weeks comparing to non-diabetics.
Animals ; Fractures, Bone ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Rats* ; Streptozocin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Collagen ; Insulin ; Rats ; Streptozocin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Pertussis Vaccine ; Rats ; Streptozocin ; Whooping Cough

The effects of insulin and exercise on glucose uptake of skeletal muscle were investigated in soleus muscle isolated from low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic rat in vitro. Glucose uptake was assessed by measuring ³H-methylglucose uptake in vitro. Basal glucose uptake in diabetes was reduced by approximately one-third of the control value (5.6±0.73µMol/g/20min. in diabetes versus 8.4±0.77 in control, P<0.01). There was also a significant decrease (P<0.01) in glucose uptake of diabetes at physiologic insulin concentration (200 µIU/ml) by 40% (6.1±1.20 versus 10.0±0.81). Furthermore, maximal insulin (20000 µIU/ml)-stimulated glucose uptake was 36% lower in diabetes as compared with control (7.3±1.29 versus 11.4±1.29, P<0.01). In contrast, exercise (1.0 km/hr, treadmill running for 45 min.) effect on glucose uptake was so dramatic in diabetes that glucose uptake at basal state was 8.+1.09 and insulin stimulated-glucose uptake were 10.2±1.47 and 11.9±1.64, in 200 and 20000 µIU/ml added insulin, respectively. These results suggest that insulin insensitivity develops in skeletal muscle after 2 weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, but these insensitivity was recovered significantly by single session of running exercise.
Animals ; Glucose ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Rats ; Running ; Streptozocin

The anti-allodynic effect of NMDA receptor antagonist and acupuncture treatments were explored through spinal p35 regulation of diabetic neuropathic rat. We evaluated the change over time of p35/p25 protein levels in the spinal cord compared with behavioral responses to thermal and mechanical stimulation in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Additionally, we studied p35 expression when electroacupuncture (EA) and a sub-effective dose of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist (MK-801) were used to treat hyperalgesia in the diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Thermal paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were significantly decreased in the early stage of diabetes in rats. p35 expression after STZ injection gradually decreased from 1 week to 4 weeks compared to normal controls. p25 expression in 4-week diabetic rats was significantly higher than that of 2-week diabetic rats, and thermal PWL in 4-week diabetic rats showed delayed responses to painful thermal stimulation compared with those at 2 weeks. EA applied to the SP-9 point (2 Hz frequency) significantly prevented the thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the DNP rat. Additionally, EA combined with MK-801 prolonged anti-hyperalgesia, increased p35 expression, and decreased the cleavage of p35 to p25 during diabetic neuropathic pain. In this study we show EA combined with a sub-effective dose of MK-801 treatment in DNP induced by STZ that is related to p35/p25 expression in spinal cord.
Acupuncture ; Animals ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; Dizocilpine Maleate ; Electroacupuncture ; Hyperalgesia ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neuralgia ; Rats ; Spinal Cord ; Streptozocin

BACKGROUND: Age-related differences in response to pain stimuli remain a controversial issue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of age on pain response using the formalin treated rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats tested for mechnical, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. METHODS: We divided Sprague-Dawley rats into 3 groups by age, 5 weeks old (n = 10), 8 weeks old (n = 10), 12 weeks old (n = 10). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 5). One was formalin tested and the other was injected with streptozotocin 75 mg intraperitoneally for succesive two days. On the 3rd day after injection, we examined mechnical allodynia using a von Frey filament, and tested thermal hyperalgesia using a tail immersion test in 50degrees C or 5degrees C water. RESULTS: In the formalin test, pain response was higher in the younger age group (P < 0.05) in phase 2. In the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, no difference in mechanical allodynia was observed between the subgroups. In the 50degrees C water thermal hyperalgesia test, withdrawal latency decreased in each group after streptozotocin injection (P < 0.05) and 5-week animals had a lower withdrawal latency than the 12-week animals (P <0.05). In the 5degrees C water cold allodynia test, the 5-week animals showed a lower withdrawal latency than the other age groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the effect of age on the response to a pain stimulus depends upon the stimulus. This is important when designing the pain models. The mechnisms involved require further investigation.
Animals ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Hyperalgesia ; Immersion ; Pain Measurement ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Water

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) in mice induced by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ) three times at divided dosages; the first dosage of 50 mg/kg STZ was given to mice after 12-h fasting, followed by the second 50mg/kg STZ at 24-h after the first injection, and the third dosage of 100 mg/kg was given at 72-h after the first injection. The plasma glucose and creatinine levels gradually increased after the STZ treatment, indicating the onset of DB. Histopathological examination of the kidneys of mice treated with STZ revealed focal areas of mesangial proliferation with increased periodic acid-Schiff-positive materials. At 4 and 6 weeks diabetic groups after STZ treatment showed severely degenerated nuclei of the mesangial and endothelial cells. These results indicate that apoptic histopathological changes occurs in the kidney of the STZ-induced diabetic mellitus.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Blood Glucose ; Creatinine ; Diabetic Nephropathies* ; Endothelial Cells* ; Fasting ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Kidney ; Mice* ; Streptozocin

BACKGROUND: We aimed to quantify stress-induced hyperglycemia and differentiate the glucose response between normal animals and those with diabetes. We also examined the pattern in glucose fluctuation induced by stress according to type of diabetes. METHODS: To load psychological stress on animal models, we used a predator stress model by exposing rats to a cat for 60 minutes and measured glucose level from the beginning to the end of the test to monitor glucose fluctuation. We induced type 1 diabetes model (T1D) for ten Sprague-Dawley rats using streptozotocin and used five Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats as obese type 2 diabetes model (OT2D) and 10 Goto-Kakizaki rats as nonobese type 2 diabetes model (NOT2D). We performed the stress loading test in both the normal and diabetic states and compared patterns of glucose fluctuation among the three models. We classified the pattern of glucose fluctuation into A, B, and C types according to speed of change in glucose level. RESULTS: Increase in glucose, total amount of hyperglycemic exposure, time of stress-induced hyperglycemia, and speed of glucose increase were significantly increased in all models compared to the normal state. While the early increase in glucose after exposure to stress was higher in T1D and NOT2D, it was slower in OT2D. The rate of speed of the decrease in glucose level was highest in NOT2D and lowest in OT2D. CONCLUSION: The diabetic state was more vulnerable to stress compared to the normal state in all models, and the pattern of glucose fluctuation differed among the three types of diabetes. The study provides basic evidence for stress-induced hyperglycemia patterns and characteristics used for the management of diabetes patients.
Animals ; Cats ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia* ; Models, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; Stress, Psychological