No abstract available.
Adipocytes, Brown* ; Diet, High-Fat*

No abstract available.
Adipocytes, Brown* ; Diet, High-Fat*

The ketogenic diet (KD) is an established, effective, nonpharmacologic treatment for children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Although the KD is the most well-established dietary therapy for epilepsy, it is too restrictive and is associated with serious complications; therefore, alternative lower-fat diets, including a modified Atkins diet and low-glycemic index diet, have been developed. Recent ongoing clinical evidence suggests that other dietary therapies have an efficacy almost comparable to that of the KD. In addition, a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids appears to increase the efficacy of diet therapy and reduce the complications of a high-fat diet. Here, we review the systematic information about lower-fat diets and better-quality dietary therapies and the current clinical status of each of these dietary approaches.
Child ; Diet ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Diet, High-Fat ; Epilepsy ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans ; Ketogenic Diet

The ketogenic diet (KD) is an established, effective, nonpharmacologic treatment for children with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Although the KD is the most well-established dietary therapy for epilepsy, it is too restrictive and is associated with serious complications; therefore, alternative lower-fat diets, including a modified Atkins diet and low-glycemic index diet, have been developed. Recent ongoing clinical evidence suggests that other dietary therapies have an efficacy almost comparable to that of the KD. In addition, a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids appears to increase the efficacy of diet therapy and reduce the complications of a high-fat diet. Here, we review the systematic information about lower-fat diets and better-quality dietary therapies and the current clinical status of each of these dietary approaches.
Child ; Diet ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Diet, High-Fat ; Epilepsy ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Humans ; Ketogenic Diet

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Endothelial dysfunction is an early change in the process of atherosclerosis. To evaluate endothelial function, expensive and specialized medical devices like high-resolution vascular ultrasound are necessary. Therefore, we sought to compare this atherosclerotic parameter of endothelial function using the inexpensive and simple method of peripheral pulse arrival time (PPAT) measurement. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Before and after meals, we measured PPAT and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD). Resting PPAT in both arms was measured with a PPAT device that was designed by the authors. Hyperemic effect was tested in both arms after raising the blood pressure to 250 mmHg for 5 minutes by using a blood pressure cuff, after which the cuff was released to 0 mmHg. PPAT was measured within the first 1 minute to observe the hyperemic response. FMD was measured in the same process by 7 MHz high-resolution ultrasound in the left brachial artery. The percent change was calculated from the baseline value and that of the hyperemic response. RESULTS: In low-fat diet, PPAT change was not different (3.8% vs. 4.7%, p>0.05). In high-fat diet, PPAT tended to be shorter, but without statistical significance (4.8% vs. 2.7%, p>0.05). In low-fat diet, the change of FMD was not different (11.7% vs. 11.4%, p>0.05). In high-fat diet, there was a significant difference in FMD (11.4% vs. 6.5%, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The PPAT measurement could be a method for evaluating endothelial function, but is less sensitive than flow-mediated vasodilation.
Arm ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Pressure ; Brachial Artery ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Diet, High-Fat ; Meals ; Ultrasonography ; Vasodilation

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of balsamic vinegar on beta-cell dysfunction. METHODS: In this study, 28-week-old Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats were fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) and were provided with tap water or dilute balsamic vinegar for 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance tests and histopathological analyses were performed thereafter. RESULTS: In rats fed both the both chow diet and the HFD, the rats given balsamic vinegar showed increased insulin staining in islets compared with tap water administered rats. Balsamic vinegar administration also increased beta-cell ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) expression in islets and decreased cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: These findings provide the first evidence for an anti-diabetic effect of balsamic vinegar through improvement of beta-cell function via increasing beta-cell ABCA1 expression.
Acetic Acid ; Animals ; Cholesterol ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Insulin ; Rats ; Water

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we investigated whether a high-fat diet (HFD) affected the bone implant connection (BIC) in peri-implant bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four male rabbits were used in this study. Dental implant surgery was introduced into each tibia, and four implants were integrated into each animal. In both the normal diet (ND) group (n=2) and HFD group (n=2), 8 implants were integrated, for a total of 16 integrated implants. The animals continued with their respective diets for 12 weeks post-surgery. Afterward, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the BIC was assessed histomorphometrically. RESULTS: Histologic and histomorphometric analyses demonstrated that BIC was not impaired in the HFD group compared to the ND group. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, we found that HFD did not decrease the BIC in rabbit tibias.
Animals ; Dental Implants ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat* ; Humans ; Male ; Osseointegration* ; Rabbits ; Tibia

PURPOSE: Ketogenic diet has been frequently used in the treatment of intractable childhood epilepsy since proven strong antiepileptic effects. Because of prolonged maintenance of high fat diet, long-term side effects of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis has been concerned, but there are no sufficient data revealing lipid profile from ketogenic diet. This study is intended to investigate the changes of lipid profiles in patients with ketogenic diet. METHODS: Sixty-six children (0.8-14.7 yrs, mean age 4.6+/-3.6 yrs, 33 males and 33 females) with intractable epilepsy treated with the classic (4:1) ketogenic diet were studied at Inje University Sang-gye Paik Hospital, from January 1997 to July 2001. Follow-up period was more than 1year (range:1-2 yrs). Cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and Triglyceride (TG) concentrations were measured at 1 day, 7 days, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured. RESULTS: 1) Total cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased from 7 days to 24 months after ketogenic diet than that before ketogenic diet (p<0.05). 2) HDL-cholesterol concentrations were not significantly changed for 2 years. 3) LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly increased at 6 months (119.9 mg/dL, p<0.05), and 24 months (128.0 mg/dL, p<0.05). 4) TG concentrations were significantly increased at 7 days (164.9 mg/dL, p<0.05), 6 months (209.7 mg/dL, p<0.01), and 12 months (192.0 mg/dL, p<0.01), and were normalized at 18 months, 24 months. CONCLUSION: Most of lipid profiles were significantly changed during ketogenic diet. Long-term complication for cardio-vascular diseases should be further investigated.
Atherosclerosis ; Child ; Cholesterol ; Diet, High-Fat ; Epilepsy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Ketogenic Diet ; Male ; Triglycerides

Normal diet, high protein high fat diet and high carbohydrate diet were prepared and given to young male white rats to study the effects of the diets on the prostatic concentration of citric acid. Also, the effects of exogenous testosterone propionate, castration and exogenous testosterone propionate and on sexual activity were studied. The first experiment was a 60 day observation. In the controls and among the animals administered testosterone propionate, the prostate-body weight ratio was higher in the high protein, high fat diet group than in the groups fed high carbohydrate and normal diets. The prostatic citrate, however, was higher in the high carbohydrate diet group. By administration of testosterone propionate, citric acid concentration of the prostate was higher in the high protein, high fat diet group and sexual activity in this group caused a more marked increase in the prostatic citrate concentration. The second experiment was continued for 203 days. The high protein, high fat diet caused an increase in the prostate-body weight ratio and a relatively higher but insignificant concentration of prostatic citrate. Sexual activity did not cause an increase in the prostatic citrate concentration. Concentration of the prostatic citrate can not be taken as an index of androgenic activity.
Animals ; Castration ; Citric Acid ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; Rats ; Sexual Behavior ; Testosterone Propionate

Hyperplasia of the uninary bladder epithelium in Wistar strain female rats after administration of 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine(BBN) was examined histologically and the effect of fat diet on the development of hyperplasia of the urinary bladder was studied. Hyperplasia of the urinary bladder epithelium was consistently observed after 4 weeks, and its extent increased with the period of BBN administration. Some of the hyperplastic lesion, showed a tendency to regress following removal of the carcinogenic stimuli. High fat diet has no effect on hyperplastic change of the urinary bladder in rats.
Animals ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Rats ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder