No abstract available.
China*

No abstract available.
China

Toxocara vitulorum has been rarely reported in yaks at high altitudes and remote areas of Sichuan Province of Tibetan Plateau of China. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence, associated risk factors, and phylogenetic characteristics of T. vitulorum in yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau. Fecal samples were collected from 891 yak calves and were examined for the presence of T. vitulorum eggs by the McMaster technique. A multivariable logistic regression model was employed to explore variables potentially associated with exposure to T. vitulorum infection. T. vitulorum specimens were collected from the feces of yaks in Hongyuan of Sichuan Province, China. DNA was extracted from ascaris. After PCR amplification, the sequencing of ND1 gene was carried out and phylogenetic analyses was performed by MEGA 6.0 software. The results showed that 64 (20.1%; 95% CI 15.8–24.9%), 75 (17.2; 13.8–21.1), 29 (40.9; 29.3–53.2), and 5 (7.6; 2.5–16.8) yak calves were detected out to excrete T. vitulorum eggs in yak calve feces in Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan, and Gansu, respectively. The present study revealed that high infection and mortality by T. vitulorum is wildly spread on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, China by fecal examination. Geographical origin, ages, and fecal consistencies are the risk factors associated with T. vitulorum prevalence by logistic regression analysis. Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ND1 gene of T. vitulorum indicated that T. vitulorum in the yak calves on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau are homologous to preveiously studies reported.
Altitude ; Animals ; Ascaris ; Cattle ; China ; DNA ; Eggs ; Feces ; Logistic Models ; Mortality ; Ovum ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Tibet ; Toxocara

The mechanism of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is still incompletely understood in the world although large amount of investigations have been carried out on it. There are many studies on the pathophysiology of IBS in China, which has huge amount of population suffering from IBS with special ethnicity and culture, including Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. We collected the literatures to show the results and discuss whether there were any differences in the pathophysiologic findings between China and other countries, whether there were any differences among different subtypes and how the pathophysiology correlated with the manifestations of patients. Gene polymorphism, disturbances of gastrointestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, intestinal infection and inflammation, psychological disturbances, food hypersensitivity and intolerance, and altered gut microflora were reviewed in this paper. Some conflicting outcomes between China and other countries were noted although most of them were similar.
China ; Food Hypersensitivity ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Inflammation ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Stress, Psychological ; Taiwan

No abstract available.
China* ; Korea*

The therapeutic properties of Ginseng have been known as popular Chinese midecine since time immemorial. It has been used in Korea, China, Tibet, Indonesia and India for thousands of years under various presentations, such as tes, tinctures, wines, pills, and unguents for the prevention of aging, tireness, headaches, amnesia, tuberculosis, diabetes, illness of the liver, heart, kidneys, nervous system etc. The main effective component of Ginseng has recently been considered to be saponins according to the chemical studies by Shibata's group and the pharmacological studies by Takagi et al., and also through the studies of Brekhman. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the response of topically applied Ginseng total saponin against inflammation. To induce the inflammation of skin the backs of 20 volunteers were treated with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate solution under occlusion for one hour. After removal of sodium lauryl sulfate. Gineseng total saponin ointment in various concentrations(2.5, 5, 10%) is topically applied under occlusion for 48 hours. Erythema on the areas treated with Ginseng total saponin ointment was significantly reduced than the control area. It is suggested that Ginseng total saponin has an anti-inflammatory effect on the inflammation of skin induced by sodium lauryl sulfate.
Aging ; Amnesia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Erythema ; Headache ; Heart ; Humans* ; India ; Indonesia ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Korea ; Liver ; Nervous System ; Ointments ; Panax* ; Saponins* ; Skin* ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Tibet ; Tuberculosis ; Volunteers ; Wine

The therapeutic properties of Ginseng have been known as popular Chinese midecine since time immemorial. It has been used in Korea, China, Tibet, Indonesia and India for thousands of years under various presentations, such as tes, tinctures, wines, pills, and unguents for the prevention of aging, tireness, headaches, amnesia, tuberculosis, diabetes, illness of the liver, heart, kidneys, nervous system etc. The main effective component of Ginseng has recently been considered to be saponins according to the chemical studies by Shibata's group and the pharmacological studies by Takagi et al., and also through the studies of Brekhman. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the response of topically applied Ginseng total saponin against inflammation. To induce the inflammation of skin the backs of 20 volunteers were treated with 10% sodium lauryl sulfate solution under occlusion for one hour. After removal of sodium lauryl sulfate. Gineseng total saponin ointment in various concentrations(2.5, 5, 10%) is topically applied under occlusion for 48 hours. Erythema on the areas treated with Ginseng total saponin ointment was significantly reduced than the control area. It is suggested that Ginseng total saponin has an anti-inflammatory effect on the inflammation of skin induced by sodium lauryl sulfate.
Aging ; Amnesia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Erythema ; Headache ; Heart ; Humans* ; India ; Indonesia ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Korea ; Liver ; Nervous System ; Ointments ; Panax* ; Saponins* ; Skin* ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Tibet ; Tuberculosis ; Volunteers ; Wine

PURPOSE: The objectives of this study were to identify the prevalence and rationales of traditional Chinese pregnancy restrictions and to investigate the relationship between pregnancy restriction, health-related quality of life, and perceived stress level at a two-stage design. METHODS: Stage I consisted of exploring the traditional Chinese pregnancy restrictions and their underlying beliefs based on extensive literature review followed by in-depth interviews with 30 pregnant women. Stage II investigated the relationship between pregnancy restrictions, health-related quality of life, and perceived stress among 1,151 women. Self-developed traditional Chinese pregnancy restrictions lists were measured on adherence towards the traditional Chinese pregnancy restriction. Perceived stress and health-related quality of life were measured by the Perceived Stress Scale and the Short Form-12 (SF-12) Health Survey, respectively. RESULTS: The majority of the women adhered to traditional Chinese pregnancy restrictions in order to protect the unborn child from danger and to avoid the problems associated pregnancy and birth, such as miscarriage, stillbirth, death of the mother, and imperfections in the newborn. Pregnant women who adhered to behavioral restrictions were more likely to associate with poor physical component of healthrelated quality of life. However, there was no significant difference between pregnancy restrictions and Perceived Stress Scale scores. CONCLUSION: The findings provided cultural rationales of pregnancy restrictions within a Macao context that may assist health professionals to better understand women from different cultures. It is essential in the development of culturally appropriate healthcare to support women in making a healthy transition to motherhood.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; China ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Health Occupations ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Macau ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Stillbirth ; Stress, Psychological

Peritonitis is the most common infectious complication of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). However, CAPD-related peritonitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus is rarely reported. V. vulnificus is marine bacterium and opportunistic human pathogen. In an immunocompromised host, e.g. with chronic liver disease, end-stage renal disease, hemochromatosis, and other iron-overload disorders, this organism has been associated with the development of life-threatening primary septicemia and severe wound infection. However, CAPD-related peritonitis caused by V. vulnificus has not been reported, except for one case in Hong Kong, China. We report on two patients receiving CAPD who developed peritonitis caused by V. vulnificus after ingestion of seafood, for the first time in Korea.
China ; Eating* ; Hemochromatosis ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis* ; Seafood* ; Sepsis ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio* ; Wound Infection

Clonorchis sinensis infection is one of the most common parasitic infections that is widely distributed in Southern Korea as well as China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong kong, and Vietnam and countries in Eastern Asia. The disease is caused by the ingestion of infected raw or under- processed freshwater fish. The clinical manifestations depend on the number of flukes in a patient, the period of infestation, and the complications. We experienced a 10-year-old boy who had a history of ingestion of raw fresh-water Chinese mitten crab preserved in soy sauce and presented with chronic urticaria. The causal organism, Clonorchis sinensis, was found by the identification of parasite ova in stool. We report a rare case of chronic urticaria related to Clonorchis sinensis that was successfully treated with praziquantel and review the pertinent literature.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; China ; Clonorchis sinensis* ; Eating ; Far East ; Fresh Water ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Japan ; Korea ; Male ; Ovum ; Parasites ; Praziquantel ; Soy Foods ; Taiwan ; Trematoda ; Urticaria* ; Vietnam