No abstract available.
Diet* ; Education* ; Humans ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Health Occupations*

No abstract available.
Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*

No abstract available.
Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*

No abstract available.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Salts

No abstract available.
Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital ; Salts

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the time course of the bradycardia and hypotensive effects of esmolol. METHODS: Thirty patients who undergoing gynecologic operation were anesthetized with nitrous oxide and enflurane. After the steady state of anesthesia was achieved, esmolol 500microgram/kg for 1 minute followed by 25, 50, or 100microgram/kg/min for 60minuts infused by intravenous catheter. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance was measured by 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. RESULTS: Heart rate was changed abruptly within 3 to 5 minutes, and decreased rapidly for 15minutes. Mean arteral pressure was decreased rapidly for 30 minutes, but slower than heart rate. Cardiac index was decreased rapidly for 20 minutes and differed significantly on the dose of 25, 50, 100microgram/kg. Stroke volume was decreased for 30 minutes, and systemic vascular resistance was increased rapidly for 10 minutes. It was decided the onset time that was expressed 90% of ultimate response of esmolol effect, and was calculated in each group. The onset time of heart rate of esmolol 25, 50, 100microgram/kg were 8.0 +/- 4.1, 4.8 +/- 2.3, 8.1 +/- 4.4 minutes, the time of mean arterial pressure were 30.0 +/- 7.5, 21.1 +/- 6.2, 19.9 +/- 7.8 minutes, and the time of cardiac index were 25.1 +/- 4.7, 14.8 +/- 5.0, 14.2 +/- 4.6 minutes. Thus heart rate, mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance responses of administration of esmolol did not occur with equal rapidity. CONCLUSIONS: Thus although esmolol has an ultrashort kinetic half life, only the heart rate effect can be considered to have an ultrashort onset.
Anesthesia ; Arterial Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Catheters ; Enflurane ; Half-Life ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nitrous Oxide ; Stroke Volume ; Vascular Resistance

Zygomatic arch is a prominent structure among facial bone and this is the major cause of vulnerability from the facial trauma. The fracture of zygomatic arch has been treated by ancillary methods of closed reduction approaching through temporal incision or intraoral incision. But, these methods gas a limitation of reduction force vector and it has a difficulty in maintaining the secure fixation of the reduced unstable fractured bones. All 22 cases of zygomatic fracture were reduced by transcutaneous screw and fixed with external fixation device successfully. There was no post-operative complication, such as non union, malunion, and visible scar. This method also has advantages of less post-operative edema and pain.
Cicatrix ; Edema ; External Fixators ; Facial Bones ; Zygoma ; Zygomatic Fractures

The MR images of 13 patients with brain abscesses were retrospectively reviewed. The abscesses were solitary in 11 patients and multiple in 2 patients. They were located in the corticomedullary junction of the cerebral hemispheres(11) and cerebellum (2).: The sizes of the abscesses were variable, ranging from 1 cm to 5 cm in diameter. They were round (5), oblong (4) or multilobulated (4) in shape. Massive surrounding edema was found in 12 patients. The signal intensity of the abscess contents was hypointense to gray matter and hyperintense to CSF on T1-weighted images, and hyperintense to gray matter on both proton-density-and T2-weighted images. In 5 patients the abscess contents were heterogeneous on both T1-and T2-weighted images. The signal intensity of the abscess walls was isointense(11), slightly hyperintense (1) or hypointense (1) relative to gray matter on T1-weighted images, whereas they were isointense (4) or hypointense (9) on T2-weighted images. Of 10 patients with Gd-enhanced-T1-weighted images, 5 patients(50%) showed thin, smooth, rim enhancement, while the other 5 patients revealed somewhat irregular thick wall enhancement Satellite or daughter abscesses were found in 6 patients. Meningeal or ventricular wall enhancement suggesting meningitis or ventriculitis was associated in 3 and 1 patient, respectively. In conclusion, the characteristic morphology and intensity of the abscess capsule, massive surrounding edema, satellite abscess and associated meningitis or ventriculitis are characteristics of the brain abscess, even though they are not entirely specific to allow for accurate diagnosis in all patients.
Abscess ; Brain Abscess ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Gray Matter ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Nuclear Family ; Retrospective Studies

The MR images of 13 patients with brain abscesses were retrospectively reviewed. The abscesses were solitary in 11 patients and multiple in 2 patients. They were located in the corticomedullary junction of the cerebral hemispheres(11) and cerebellum (2).: The sizes of the abscesses were variable, ranging from 1 cm to 5 cm in diameter. They were round (5), oblong (4) or multilobulated (4) in shape. Massive surrounding edema was found in 12 patients. The signal intensity of the abscess contents was hypointense to gray matter and hyperintense to CSF on T1-weighted images, and hyperintense to gray matter on both proton-density-and T2-weighted images. In 5 patients the abscess contents were heterogeneous on both T1-and T2-weighted images. The signal intensity of the abscess walls was isointense(11), slightly hyperintense (1) or hypointense (1) relative to gray matter on T1-weighted images, whereas they were isointense (4) or hypointense (9) on T2-weighted images. Of 10 patients with Gd-enhanced-T1-weighted images, 5 patients(50%) showed thin, smooth, rim enhancement, while the other 5 patients revealed somewhat irregular thick wall enhancement Satellite or daughter abscesses were found in 6 patients. Meningeal or ventricular wall enhancement suggesting meningitis or ventriculitis was associated in 3 and 1 patient, respectively. In conclusion, the characteristic morphology and intensity of the abscess capsule, massive surrounding edema, satellite abscess and associated meningitis or ventriculitis are characteristics of the brain abscess, even though they are not entirely specific to allow for accurate diagnosis in all patients.
Abscess ; Brain Abscess ; Brain ; Cerebellum ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Gray Matter ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Nuclear Family ; Retrospective Studies